Qw Box Calculator

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For example, if you are a single person, the lowest possible tax rate of 10 percent is applied to the first $9,525 of your income in 2020. The next portion of your income is taxed at the next tax bracket of 12 percent. That continues for each tax bracket up to the top of your taxable income. Find yours with our helpful tax bracket calculator. These boxes are the easiest to calculate the internal volume. You simply measure the height, width and depth (in inches), multiply them together and then divide that number by 1728. If the box has internal measurements of 6' high.18' wide.12' deep then the volume of the box is 1296/1728=.75 ft^3.

Understanding the Thiele/Small Parameters

Prerequisites:
If you haven't already read the speakers page of this site. I would strongly recommend reading it before you continue with this page.

fs:
fs is the resonant frequency of a speaker in free air (not in an enclosure). At resonance, the speaker's impedance increases dramatically. The speaker's impedance may go from 4 ohms to more than 20 ohms at resonance. The image below shows how a speaker's impedance changes across the audio spectrum.

Put your mouse/cursor over the different frequencies below the following impedance curve. You can see by the bar graph that the current flow through the voice coil is the least at resonance. The voltage applied to the speaker is constant for all frequencies.


Relative
Current
Flow
Through
Voice Coil

fc:
fc is the resonant frequency of the driver in a sealed enclosure. The fc is higher than the fs with a given driver. The image below shows the impedance curve with a woofer in 1 ft^3 and in an infinitely large enclosure. You can see how the resonant frequency shifts when the driver is mounted in an enclosure. Enclosures of different sizes will produce different resonant frequencies.

This image (below) shows the impedance curve for a ported enclosure. You should notice that, unlike sealed enclosures, the impedance is lowest at the resonant frequency.

Vas:
Vas is the volume of air that has the same compliance as the speaker's suspension. Stiff speakers have lower Vas and tend to use small enclosures. Speakers with loose suspension have a higher Vas and use larger enclosures.

Qes:
Qes is the electrical Q of the speaker and only takes the electrical properties into consideration.

Qms:
Qms is the mechanical Q of the speaker and only takes the speaker's mechanical properties into consideration.

Qts:
Qts is the total Q of the speaker. It is defined as 1/Qts = 1/Qes + 1/Qms.

Qtc:
Qtc is the total Q of the speaker in an enclosure including all system resistances. A Qtc of .707 is the most common and generally produces the flattest frequency response with approximately a 12dB/octave rolloff. Higher values of Qtc will give a peak in the output with a sharper rolloff. A lower Qtc will start to roll off earlier and will roll off at a slower rate. If you don't know what Qtc you need, start with a Qtc of .707.

Violet = Qtc: 0.9; Green = Qtc: 0.8; Red = Qtc: 0.7; Yellow = Qtc: 0.6; Cyan = Qtc: 0.5;

Vb:
Vb is the net internal volume of the speaker enclosure

EBP:
EBP is the efficiency bandwidth product. It is used as a guide to determine whether a speaker will work better in a ported or sealed enclosure. It is defined as Fs/Qes.

no:
no is the reference efficiency of a driver.

  • This calculator will tell you:
  • Whether the speaker is better suited for a sealed or ported enclosure
  • The 3dB down point of the speaker in either enclosure
  • The recommended volume for sealed and ported enclosures
  • The resonant frequency of both enclosures
  • The port length for ported enclosures
  • The reference efficiency in both % and decibels at one watt
  • If any of the fields return 'NAN' or 'infinity', you did not fill one of the fields required to make the calculations.

Please keep in mind that the data produced by this calculator is simply a guideline. If the manufacturer suggests a particular enclosure, use their recommended design.

  • Notes:
  • The output response curve for the sealed enclosure is determined by the Qtc that you enter.
  • The output response curve for the ported enclosure is going to be a maximally flat design.
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Boxcalculator

The Concrete Calculator estimates the volume and weight of concrete necessary to cover a given area. Purchasing slightly more concrete than the estimated result can reduce the probability of having insufficient concrete.

Box

Slabs, Square Footings, or Walls

Hole, Column, or Round Footings

Circular Slab or Tube

Curb and Gutter Barrier

Stairs


RelatedVolume Calculator

Concrete is a material comprised of a number of coarse aggregates (particulate materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and slag) bonded with cement. Cement is a substance that is used to bind materials, such as aggregate, by adhering to said materials, then hardening over time. While there are many types of cement, Portland cement is the most commonly used cement, and is an ingredient in concrete, mortar, and plasters.

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Concrete can be purchased in multiple forms, including in 60 or 80-pound bags, or delivered in large amounts by specialized concrete mixer trucks. Proper mixing is essential for the production of strong, uniform concrete. It involves mixing water, aggregate, cement, and any desired additives. Production of concrete is time-sensitive, and the concrete must be placed before it hardens since it is usually prepared as a viscous fluid. Some concretes are even designed to harden more quickly for applications that require rapid set time. Alternatively, in some factory settings, concrete is mixed into dryer forms to manufacture precast concrete products such as concrete walls.

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The process of concrete hardening once it has been placed is called curing, and is a slow process. It typically takes concrete around four weeks to reach over 90% of its final strength, and the strengthening can continue for up to three years. Ensuring that the concrete is damp can increase the strength of the concrete during the early stages of curing. This is achieved through techniques such as spraying concrete slabs with compounds that create a film over the concrete that retains water, as well as ponding, where concrete is submerged in water and wrapped in plastic.